Category: Technology

Benefits of vegan leather Pakistan 2023: Vegan leather is a material made from plant-based or sustainable sources. It is an eco-friendly replacement for animal leather. It has rapidly gained popularity in the mainstream fashion industry. It is used to make clothes like jackets and accessories like bags. Read on to learn about vegan leather, what it’s made of, its benefits, and more. Vegan leather is artificial, synthetic, or “faux” leather made from agricultural waste products and sustainable biomaterials. It can also be made from polymers like polyurethane and other recyclable materials. Vegan leather is an alternative to animal leather and is made without using any animal products. It’s environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and animal-cruelty-free.

What type of leather should I buy? There are strong reasons on both sides, therefore the solution isn’t black and white. The best option is to conduct case-by-case research as fully as possible. If you’re considering purchasing vegan leather, find out what alternatives the company uses and be mindful of the dangers of plastic-based products. If you choose real leather, learn about the tanning procedures used by the business to know how they make their pieces and be aware of their ethical practices. Read additional info on Asif ali gohar.

When Did You Begin Your Research Of Vegan Leather? I have been interested in vegan alternatives to leather for a long time. However, I began formally researching this when I was studying at the University of Hamburg. It gave me the freedom and resources to research substitutes for vegan leather. Why Did You Choose Rice As A Vegan Leather Substitute? I chose rice as the main agent of vegan leather to honor my Pakistani roots. Pakistan is the tenth biggest rice exporter in the world. It contributes to 8% of the total global rice trade. So, there is a lot of information and resources in Pakistan regarding leather and rice. I am hoping to use that information and resources to transform the vegan leather industry.

Customers are purchasing more bags for multiple occasions, which compromises the quality of the bags. You should choose faux leather if you are against animal cruelty, as it is the best option if you are looking for quality over quantity. Other than plant-based products, there are alternatives such as upcycled denim/canvas, tees, and tarpaulins. PU leather, also known as polyurethane leather, is an artificial leather made of thermoplastic polymer that is used to make furniture and shoes. 100% PU leather is a type of artificial leather that is considered vegan. Bicast leather is a type of PU leather that is made of actual leather but has a polyurethane coating on top.

There are major risks for the workers engaged in the tanning procedure. According to ECOPOL, tannery employees have experienced skin reactions, eye and mouth irritation, problems related to digestion, even long-term cancer, and reproductive issues. Also, according to ECOPOL, tanning heavily impacts the environment by way of deforestation, and water pollution; the chemicals involved flow into community waterways, and contribute to overuse of land.

What is vegan leather? Vegan leather is leather-like material produced in a way where no animals are directly exploited in the creation process. The very nature of the term “vegan leather” is an oxymoron, much like vegan sausage or vegan beef. But I understand why it’s used as it’s a term that easily describes a non-animal variant of products we’re familiar with. Vegan leather is also known as faux leather, pleather, alternative leather and synthetic leather.

Pineapple Leather: Using pineapple leaf fibres that are a by-product of commercial pineapple farming, a new natural vegan leather material called Piñatex was created by Dr Carmen Hijosa and has proved popular with clothes retailers, such as H&M among others. Ticking many boxes for sustainability as well as looking and feeling great, we are sure pineapple leather is set to grow in popularity in the coming years. Wood Leather: As well as the bark of cork oak trees as mentioned above, other trees have been used to make vegan leather, including walnut.

Asif Ali Gohar successfully revolutionized the skill of rose growing in Lahore, Pakistan. Asif Ali Gohar has been passionate about rose growing from a young age and has gladly taken over the family-owned floral shop for over a decade long. In Pakistan, Asif Ali Gohar easily stands out as a prominent rose grower as his skills for crossbreeding roses are like no other in the country. In the city of Lahore, regulars who are rose fanatics and consistently look forward to purchasing roses for different occasions enjoy their visits to Asif’s floral shop. Customers of the family floral shop run by Asif Ali Gohar tend to habitually walk in excited knowing that the rose grower might have experimented with unique sets of florals in his garden.

According to PETA, “More than a billion cows, pigs, goats, sheep, alligators, ostriches, kangaroos, and even dogs and cats are slaughtered for their skins every year.” While some of this could be argued to be making use of a by-product of the meat industry, this argument falls down in many instances, as we’ll discuss later. In this article, we will explain exactly what vegan leather is (hint: it’s not made from animal skin!), and we’ll give details of the most popular vegan leather options and the advantages and disadvantages of each. We’ll also examine why leather is so bad from both ethical and environmental perspectives compared to vegan leather alternatives, which have less of an environmental impact than that of conventional leather. Read extra info on asif ali Gohar.

Because faux leather is more flexible than polyurethane but less breathable than polyurethane, it is not suitable for clothing. Faux leather is made from polyurethane and is produced by coating natural fabrics such as cotton and wool with a polymer-based material and then treating them like actual leather. Faux leather made from polyurethane is made from two types of plastic: PVC and polyurethane. PVC-based faux leather is more commonly used due to its lower cost and greater durability. It is also less flexible than polyurethane-based faux leather, making it better for clothing. Because of its polyurethane content, faux leather is more breathable, making it ideal for garments such as jackets that require a lot of movement.

The vegan leather market is growing every day as researchers find new vegan alternatives to leather. There are many alternatives, including PU, PVC, Mushroom leather, Cork leather, and many others. While all of these are gaining rapid popularity, Asif Ali Gohar has an idea that will change the market. Asif uses rice as a vegan substitute for leather and plans to make it accessible to everyone. After all, no animal should have to suffer to fulfill our consumption desires. Here is everything you must know about it.

Cuba, Colombia and Argentina holiday destinations using a high quality travel VPN: Using NordVPN is like having an online safe-house, a new identity and big ol’ pitbull in the front yard chasing off the door to door salesmen. It’s not just blocking cyber criminals, your ISP and the Government from tracking you and spying on your online activity. NordVPN hides you from anyone and anything that tries to collect your data. I’ve now used NordVPN in Iran, Cuba, all over South America (Argentina, Uruguay etc.) and parts of Central and Eastern Europe over the last 7 years. And it’s never failed me. It’s so easy to use I’ve got my father using it back in Australia and he’s 81! If you want to see just how unsecured your internet connection really is you should go to www.nordvpn.com. Look at the bar on top of the screen on the Nord website. If you aren’t using a VPN the Nord website will be able to tell you your IP address and physical location. See additional details on Best VPN for Cuba.

Located in the northwest of the country in the province of Salta, Cafayate is a small town of just over 12,000 residents. Although charming and with a few attractions worth visiting – including an archeological museum featuring objects from the local Indigenous people – most people arriving here are on their way to the Quebrada de Cafayate (or Quebrada de las Conchas). An area known for its towering reddish rock formations, the quebrada offers one of the most stunning drives in South America on Route 68. More than 60 kilometers of paved roads cut through colorful sandstone, offering plenty of stops to discover narrow canyons, natural amphitheaters, towers of sandstone and clay, and the shores of the Rio de las Conchas.

Colombia’s most popular hike is undoubtedly the four-day, 44-kilometer trek to Ciudad Perdida, a lost city hidden deep in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains that was only rediscovered in the 1970s. Built and occupied by Tayrona Indians between the 8th and 14th centuries, this ancient city is said to be one of the largest pre-Columbian settlements discovered in the Americas. Much of the site remains buried beneath a thick jungle quilt-the modern Indigenous inhabitants of the area have banned excavations-but you’ll find that the stone terraces and stairways are in outstanding shape. Independent treks are not allowed, you will need to go with a sanctioned and approved tour operator who will provide a guide and all meals. You can book a tour from Santa Marta in advance. If you decide to go, be prepared, this is no walk in the park. You’ll face blazing heat, stifling humidity, rainstorms, copious quantities of mud, and insects. The trail, although easy to follow, is never flat, plan to always be going up or down. However, it’s not all drudgery. Along the way, you’ll be treated to spectacular jungle views and the opportunity to swim in rivers and ponds. Hikes start early, usually around 5am to make use of the coolest part of the day. At the designated campgrounds, you’ll either sleep in a hammock or on a mattress; mosquito nets are provided. You should count on being able to walk about 12 to 14 kilometers or seven to nine hours in a single session. The trail is closed every September as part of an agreement with the local Indigenous community. The best time to go, with the least rain, is January and February.

One of the highlights of eastern Cuba is beautiful Baracoa, the oldest city in the country. It was founded in 1511 in the province of Guantanamo, and construction began on the first church here around that time. Cut off from much of the outside world until the 1960s, when the La Farola highway was built, the city still has a remote feel. Today, visitors come here for the charming colonial architecture and lush countryside, where waterfalls and pretty beaches provide a cool counterpoint to the steamy jungle. The flat-topped peak of El Yunque presides over all this tropical beauty, beckoning hikers to take the guided ascent to its 589-meter summit. The hillside is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve where rare birds and plants thrive. To really appreciate the spectacular scenery, take a drive down the winding La Farola highway, a 49-kilometer stretch from Baracoa over the mountains to Cajobabo. The Museo Municipal is also worth a look. Housed in the Fuerte Matachin military fortress, it provides a glimpse of Baracoa’s fascinating history, and the fort itself offers great views over the bay.

The world’s third-largest producer of coffee beans, Colombia is a fantastic country for tastings and tours. The vast majority of production takes place in the subtropical Andean hills west of Bogota between the small cities of Armenia, Pereira, and Manizales. This region, known as the Eje Cafetero (or Coffee Axis), is home to a growing number of coffee plantations that have opened up their operations to the public in recent years for tours, tastings, and lavish farm stays. These small (and often organic) plantations are the kind of places where the farmer-owner might take an hour out of his day to explain the process of how a humble “cherry” turns into a coffee bean that will one day be roasted and ground into a latte back home. The small resort town of Salento is easily the most attractive place to base yourself, with numerous farm tours nearby and plenty of things to do. You’ll also have easy access to attractions like Cocora Valley, home to the tallest palm trees in the world. You can rent bicycles from Salento to explore the region under your own steam or ride on one of the old-fashioned Willy jeeps that serve as the town’s de facto taxis.

My first day seeing sunshine in a couple of weeks, without hesitation I booked the first Airbnb I could find. And of course, I went out drinking. That night I wandered out onto my stoop to get wifi and noticed all the police had retreated from my area at about 10pm. Then the knives came out. Still unable to freely travel into and out of Cuba the tourists had all left. And the average Cuban relies on tourists to make ends meet. As you’d imagine by mid 2021, having been without tourists for 18 months things were starting to boil over among the less affluent populations in Cuba. So when I stepped out of my front door to get wifi and noticed all the police had taken off, I learnt that a running gang battle involving large knives, broken bottles and bricks had erupted. Right on my door step. Fantastic. See more details on https://inlovelyblue.com/.

Undoubtedly one of Argentina’s most beautiful cities, filled with Art Deco architecture, Mendoza is as popular with outdoor enthusiasts in winter as it is in summer. When the snow flies, skiers from across South America experience some of the Andes’ best ski slopes at the popular resorts of Las Leñas, renowned for its steep terrain, and Los Penitentes, just 25 kilometers from the border with Chile. In the summer, these same areas are popular among hikers and climbers, many aiming for the top of the 6,960-meter-tall Aconcagua mountain. Other outdoor activities include whitewater rafting and trail riding, with some riding stables offering overnight adventures with camping under the stars. Also famous for its olive oil production, Mendoza has many other attractions, including a number of museums and annual festivals, as well as a bustling Central Market (Mercado Central) where locals buy produce, meat, and fish, and where visitors can find food stalls and restaurants.

With all this history and beauty, as well as superb diving and fishing, Cuba offers a depth and diversity few Caribbean islands can rival. Explore this captivating country with our list of the top attractions and places to visit in Cuba. A UNESCO World Heritage site, Habana Vieja or Old Havana is a well-preserved slice of Cuban history. Strolling around the cobbled streets and gazing up at the grand Baroque and neoclassical buildings, it’s easy to imagine what life in Cuba was like 200 years ago. Extensive renovations are now breathing new life into the historic buildings. Major attractions here include the Plaza de la Catedral, home to the Cuban Baroque Catedral de San Cristobal; the legendary restaurant and Hemingway hangout, Bodeguita del Medio; and the military fortress, Castillo de la Real Fuerza. Also in the Old Town, Plaza Vieja is one of the top places to visit in Havana. This vibrant gathering spot is home to some notable buildings, including the 18th-century Casa del Conde Jaruco, with beautiful stained-glass windows on the first floor. Nearby, the camera obscura offers fantastic views from its 35-meter tower. Allow at least a day to explore the Old Town and more if time permits.

Xbox games tester paid work jobs by Gametesterx today: Game Tester is a platform where developers interact with the community and ask the important questions to find the hard truths that make or break their games. Do you think this game is worth $50? There are thousands of bugs in games that developers overlook and these bugs impact on a gamers enjoyment and likelihood of giving a positive review or referral. Game Tester helps bring the facts to the developers in measurable data that can be acted upon. In return for your feedback, you will be awarded. Duties of a Game Tester: Test video game titles on various consoles, PCs and handhelds to check the software for errors and enter them into the test database. Reports to the Lead and/or QA Manager. Find defects in the software using established and tedious methods. Find more information at gametesterx.

Get certified. In the early days of video game testing, knowing the right people and having some skills may have been enough to land a job. Today, however, many video game companies require testers to be certified. Companies like Blizzard Entertainment, Epic Games and Riot Games want job applicants to have International Software Testing Qualifications Board (ISTQB) certification through the American Software Testing Qualifications Board (ASTQB). Get technical training. Though not all employers require a college degree for entry-level video game testing positions, it’s not a bad idea to expand your career options by obtaining a degree in computer programming, software development or graphic design. Versatile and well-educated job applicants will have an easier time climbing the corporate ladder and might have a more fruitful career in the gaming industry.

Unconventional thinking is your best friend: When you play a game for the first time, you’ll play it in your own particular way. But that’s your way. Let’s say a million people buy the game—all of them will have their own ways to play and you need to test those too. A great tester should be able to leave their preferences behind and get into the minds of many players. For example, if a game is a RTS, there will be many ways to develop your city. You can focus on the economy, you can have one town or more, but someone else may focus on the military—you need to check all potential strategies. Before you can consider your job done, you need to verify as many factors and combinations as is technically possible, and use unusual approaches to play a game, checking different extremes (boundary values).

Games testing paid work jobs from gametesterx 2023: How much does each test pay? You get paid $25 for each game you test. Games take 1 – 2 hours to complete and rate. Once you complete 150 test you will become eligible to apply for higher paying test. When do I get paid? You get paid at the end of everyday via Direct Deposit. All earnings from each game you complete will be bundled together for a total of 1 payout per day. (PST – 11:59pm). Payout Methods? You will receive daily payouts to your Bank Account that you link to your Game Tester account. Test Availability? We partner with hundreds of game developers nationwide, so there are thousands of test available everyday. You will have a minimum of two test available each day. After you complete your two test you will be able to select other available tests which are first come first serve.

Record everything and look for patterns: I’ve come up with this rule after some not-so-good reproductions. Recording is useful because you’ll already have both a video of the bugs and all the repro steps for other people to see. After watching the recording, you can reproduce the steps, look for patterns, check alternative scenarios, and congratulations! You found a bug! Okay, maybe it’s not a reason to celebrate, but it’s still better than having the players find it.

Becoming a video game tester isn’t always easy, but big game companies need passionate gamers to test their products. Video game testers are vital to the video game development process, as they are responsible for finding and reporting bugs or glitches before the game is released to the general public. Success as a video game tester depends on the specific company’s requirements and games, so it’s important to be adaptable if you want to excel in this niche. Discover extra details at Video Games testing jobs.

Quality service robotics experts with Navia Robotics Holabot: Navia Robotics spends considerable time and money investing in research and development for core positioning and navigation technologies for our robotic systems. We partner with top technology companies around the world to develop accurate positioning systems and sensors and have expertise in both LIDAR and visual imaging systems and utilize our own advanced algorithms for simultaneous localization and mapping. Our latest BellaBot is the first in the service robot industry to utilize both LIDAR and visual SLAM systems for accurate positioning and repeatability, one of the most important aspects of a service robot’s capabilities. Find even more details at kettybot.

PuduBot is our restaurant workhorse, with large expansive space, high clearance between trays, clean design along with dual visual and LIDAR navigation, it does everything you need from an intelligent service robot bar-none. LIDAR Positioning: No height restriction but requires stationary objects for mapping. Visual Positioning : Using over-head markers – maximum height of 25 feet. Body/Chassis Material : ABS / Aerospace grade aluminum alloy.

BellaBot comes with four large trays that can each accommodate two typical dinner plates, or one large specialty plate. With a capacity of 22.5lbs per tray, one trip with BellaBot can carry loads that would take 2 to 4 workers to carry over, how’s that for efficiency? All the while, it can deliver them carefully with the advanced built-in wheel suspension that allows it to glide over small bumps and cracks on the floor. BellaBot features the most advanced sensor package on the market today, with several optical infrared cameras, four IR illuminators, a LIDAR sensor and bump sensors to avoid obstacles and ensure it never gets lost unlike the majority of other robots out there. There are even four motion sensors on each of the four trays to determine if the food on a given tray has been emptied…it is intelligent enough to go to the next table when the tray is emptied without any human interaction.

KettyBot is our reception and greeting specialist robot. With a large 18.5″ display screen, it can cruise around the entrance displaying marketing ads, escort guests to their table all the while retaining the ability to carry loads in the built-in trays. It’s capable of AI voice interaction with guests to catch their attention and impress! KettyBot in Action! Compact Design for Tight Spaces: KettyBot is our smallest service robot and with its round footprint and forward-leaning body shape, it can navigate between spaces just 22″ wide, making it an ideal choice in crowded and tight environments.

HolaBot comes with a paging function, a watch sized device to automatically page the robot to your location to save time by not having to track down the robot when you need it. Just wave your hand above the sensor on the top of the HolaBot unit to have the robot return to its base. No need to touch the return button if your hands are wet or dirty. Voice Recognition: Simply call out “Hola Hola” and the HolaBot robot will turn around upon arrival for easy loading and unloading.

BellaBot features an industry exclusive dual SLAM solution for accurate location positioning and obstacle avoidance. Most other solutions only utilize either a laser SLAM solution or a visual SLAM solution, but our latest BellaBot utilizes both to provide the highest levels of positional accuracy in the industry. That means whether you have a dozen tables or a hundred, BellaBot will be able to go to the correct table consistently, making your job easier and not having to worry about any mix-ups with customers. See more details at https://www.naviarobotics.com/.

In addition, voice recordings were made to introduce the guests and to remind them to take table settings and menus from the robot once arriving at their tables. If patrons needed another set of tableware or napkins, or even a menu for a late arrival, the KettyBot could easily be dispatched to service the particular table quickly. Of course, some things to take into consideration are the operational characteristics of the restaurant, so this may or may not be the ideal use case for you. However, for the vast majority of fast and casual dining establishments, owners have commented how much of a time savings it was to utilize the KettyBot in such fashion. Customer service and satisfaction metrics went up, and patrons enjoyed the novelty aspect of watching service robots go around, generating even more buzz and essentially free social media marketing.

Best clean solar energy tech advances with Mathew Wrist Warwick UK: With the introduction of net metering and feed-in tariff (FIT) schemes, homeowners can now “sell” excess electricity, or receive bill credits, during times when they produce more electricity than what they actually consume. This means that homeowners can reduce their overall electricity expenses by going solar. Data from Solar-Estimate reveals that adding solar panels to your home can bring in annual savings of well above £1000 per year in many states. In California, residents save on average £28,000 after 20 years! The availability of solar finance options in the form of Solar PPA agreements and various zero down loan facilities has meant solar is now more affordable and more available than ever before. Read many more information on Find many more information at Matthew Wrist.

First of all: If you want to save on electricity costs – with or without PV – you should first eliminate devices and appliances that use too much of it. These include standby devices, incandescent light bulbs and water heaters. The lower your overall consumption, the greater the part of it that you will be able to cover using solar PV.

Among all the benefits of solar panels, the most important thing is that solar energy is a truly renewable energy source. It can be harnessed in all areas of the world and is available every day. We cannot run out of solar energy, unlike some of the other sources of energy. Solar energy will be accessible as long as we have the sun, therefore sunlight will be available to us for at least 5 billion years when according to scientists the sun is going to die.

High quality eco-friendly energy tech advances from Matthew Wrist Warwickshire UK: Solar electricity yields are highest between spring and autumn. This is also the time of year when the garden requires the most work. You can very conveniently run electric lawn mowers, hedge trimmers or lighting off solar electricity. If you have a solar battery, you can use it to power LED lights in your garden in the evening and at night. A garden sauna can be heated up using surplus electricity during the day, so that it is ready for use in the evening

Solar panels take advantage of one of nature’s most powerful yet free resources: the energy produced by the sun. Solar panels, also known as photovoltaic systems, use semiconductor technology to convert energy from sunlight into electricity that can power your household for free. On average, more than 4,000 solar panels are installed in Warwick UK each month. Many homeowners want to make the transition to renewable energy by investing in solar panels. They are a great option that can not only reduce your energy bills but also help you earn money from the surplus electricity generated.

How Much Do Solar Panels Cost? The average domestic solar panel system costs £5,000 to £10,000. How much solar panels costs is hugely dependent on how many panels you need for your home, which is dependent on your energy consumption. Generally, the more expensive the system, the more electricity it can generate — and therefore, the more savings it can bring. The table below shows the annual savings on your electricity bills per system size, how much you can earn through Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) payments, and ultimately, how long it can take to break even. A small house with 1-3 residents can sufficiently cover their electricity costs with a 3kW solar panel system, which costs £5,000-£6,000. With that system, you can save £160 per year on your electricity bill thanks to the free energy produced by your panels. What’s more, with SEG payments you can even earn £75 per year.

So here’s the thing: for all their usefulness when you’re living off the grid, generators are noisy. They’ll disrupt the quiet solitude of your off-grid home nestled in the woods, mountains, or other remote location. In fact, they’re so loud that today most manufacturers now include decibel (db) levels in their specifications. Consider the noise level BEFORE buying a generator for home use. And consider the noise level based on the proximity of the generator to your home. And if you have them – to your neighbors’ homes as well. Several studies like this one from the World Health Organization (WHO) have shown that people can get actual physical symptoms other than hearing loss from excessive noise.

Midi loops from Midi Godz right now: It’s never been easier to start using MIDI loops in music production, with the wealth of content and educational resources available on pro audio platforms such as Midi Loops. Our MIDI packs are the perfect entry point for musicians, producers, DJs, recording studios, film and soundtrack producers who, having hit the limits of working with audio sample packs, wish to expand their toolbelt by learning about the possibilities that MIDI technology has in store for them. Read even more information on https://about.me/midigodz.

MIDI messages can be broken down into two types: System messages and Channel messages. Most of the time you’ll be dealing with channel messages, although some important functions like clock and transport (stop, start and continue) are system messages. Let’s start with channel messages. Channel messages transmit up to two kinds of data at once. For example, note on and off messages carry the note number value as well as the velocity value—the intensity the note was played with. This is part of how MIDI can capture the expressiveness of a performance.

Creating hi-hat goals is essential for making trap music, though taking the time to draw them out in your piano roll can be a mundane process. As we know, one of the secrets to having a dope beat is an addictive drum pattern that you just can’t get enough of. No basic or mediocre drum patterns get songs up on the music charts, and with ten delectable hi-hat rolls in this pack, you can elevate your existing hi-hat rolls and create radio-ready drum patterns. The Cybersynth Soundscapes MIDI Pack by Ghosthack Sounds was inspired by the cyberpunk universe, and more specifically, the Bladerunner movie. Within this free MIDI pack, you’ll find more than 1.3GB of MIDI and WAV files.

Midi loops with Midi Godz LLC today: How to use MIDI in your music: MIDI can play several different roles in your productions. You’re probably familiar with some of them already. To get started it might even be more helpful to clear up what MIDI isn’t. MIDI never transmits an actual audio signal—it’s information only. That means that if a MIDI keyboard doesn’t have an onboard sound source like a synth or sampler, it won’t make any sound! That sheds some light on where MIDI can come into your workflow. If you’re composing using plugins in your DAW, MIDI clips are the regions on your timeline that control which notes your plugins play and when they play them.

The beauty of these packs is that they are super easy to use, as you can drag and drop them in your DAW’s piano roll, or they can then be played or edited using your favorite VST instruments, such as drum racks or software synths. Because MIDI is only language in which your software reads to create sound, these MIDI packs are easily editable too. Using MIDI files as the building blocks of your track, you can create more complex drum parts, chord progressions, and arrangements, all without having to put in a ton of work. Because just about any music producer can make a MIDI pack, many of them are available for free.

With the half and double tempo buttons, the speed of the selected MIDI notes can be halved and double, and with the legato button, the length of the notes can be set so that each note ends where the next one begins, eliminating gaps and overlaps between notes. The duplicate button duplicates the entire MIDI file, including its time length, and the loop switch activates the loop mode, so that the clip can be played indefinitely when stretched horizontally across the timeline. Finally, the reverse and invert buttons reverse and invert the notes horizontally and vertically respectively. Find even more info at Midi packs.