Category: Business

Vehicle MOT servicing Reading, UK today: You need to check on the quality of services before you proceed to hire a given car servicing center. There are some centers which are fully equipped and they will respond fast to your call and offer the necessary help you deserve. If you can check on the reviews which other car owners have left about their free collect delivery service , then you will know whether a given car servicing Centre can guarantee you a great service. Others will offer free collection and delivery services. If you are too busy, then you need to hire experts who will arrive at your home or business and collect your vehicle after which they will service and return it To you.

Could the annual MOT be scrapped? Earlier this year, there was a proposal to switch the MOT to legal requirement that would happen every two years rather than every 12 months. This was widely condemned at the time, and the majority of drivers believed that changing the MOT to every two years was a ‘dangerously bad idea’. However, this has since been put on hold and no further announcements have been made. The MOT remains an annual event for drivers across the UK. See even more details at Mot Reading.

When you take your car to a mechanic, you have to bear the double cost. You need to pay for the towing services and mechanical services. There are several benefits of hiring a mobile mechanic instead of taking your car to the repair Garage or workshop. You have to hire a towing service in this case, Only some mechanics are giving repair services with towing services As well but we do offer this service if necessary as some repairs are not repairable at your home or business.

This makes them impartial when inspecting your car – there’s no commercial incentive to find problems with it. For a list of local council MOT test centres that don’t carry our repairs, visit the website. Once a car is three years old (four years in Northern Ireland) it must be tested each year to check it meets road safety and environmental standards. This Ministry of Transport test is commonly known as an ‘MOT’. MOT tests are carried out at around 21,000 authorised test centres around the country, all of which display an official blue sign featuring three white triangles.

Our company repairs several kinds of vehicles including classic cars, luxury cars, sport cars and many more. We welcome you as our customer to see how our commitment to success makes us the best and most reliable body shop in Reading and the surrounding region that you can trust with your sport, classic, luxury or even family vehicle. With our company you will find a discrete and cost effective solution to your Car Bodywork Repair reading problems.

It’s hard to beat the convenience of a mobile mechanic servicing or repairing your car. They come to your home or office, you toss them the keys, and an hour or three later it’s all done. It is that easy, but there are a few things to keep in mind when you book a mobile mechanic. The correct details: So you’ve booked your mobile mechanic visit. Be sure that your contact details are correct, and that you’ve provided additional information if your location is a little tricky to find. On the day you should ensure that you have your phone nearby so that the mechanic can let you know they’re on the way, delayed, etc. See extra info at this website.

Although they might not seem as important as tire rotation or oil change, replacing the windshield wipers is also important. If you’re caught in a storm and your windshield wipers don’t work properly, you could put everyone around you in danger. Windshield wipers are not only affordable, but they’re also easy to change on your own. You can get them in all auto parts stores, and the instructions are on the back of the package. Of course, if you doubt your skills, you can always ask an auto parts store employee to change them for you. While you’re there, don’t forget to check your wiper fluid levels.

A company which can offer quick free collect and delivery service of the car will be of the best. To know more about the delivery of the services, you need to ask the company about the services they offer. In most cases, the car repair centers will offer an estimate of the time they can take to deliver. It is always necessary to ask and get prepared to that you can make the right decision.

Most people will admit that they have ever experienced a sneaky feeling that needless work is being done on their car or they are overpaying for repairs when they take their car to a new mechanic. An auto mechanic has a huge impact on your life than you really know. He has an impact on your finances, your safety and that the safety of your family as well. With so much at stake, it is imperative you find a good auto mechanic. Unfortunately, such professionals are hard to come by. Thus, when you find one, you need to make sure you keep him/her because a trustworthy and good mechanic can save you a lot of cash and headaches in the long run.

Dents, dings and chips in the car paint job are inevitable. When these occur and go unnoticed for some time, rusting starts and the car value goes down. On top of that, when such a car visits an auto shop, they solve the problem by sanding down all the dented and chipped parts, repainting and re-coating the entire body, which is a thorough job but costs a lot of money. What you can do to avoid such an expense is to find an expert who doesn’t cost much and repair the dents and scratches. Used car lots are the perfect sites where used cars arrive for resale. Find a local ding repair expert to avoid the hefty paintless dent repair cost.

The cost of skipping servicing? When money’s short it can be tempting to skip servicing your car. But if you do this you risk much bigger bills later. The cost of a service is far less than the cost of having to replace parts later because of damage through poor maintenance. Check your service manual to find out when your car is next due to have its cambelt (the camshaft drive belt or timing belt) replaced. This varies from car to car, but is often needed at around 70,000 to 80,000 miles. Cambelt replacement can seem expensive (as much as £250 or more) but if it fails while you’re driving, you could face serious engine damage costing much more to fix than changing it when recommended.

You need to be sure about the quality of equipment that is being used. Ask if they have support vehicles in most places. There is no need to register with a company that is centrally located in the city centre with no support vehicles across the nation. The aim is to be rescued within the shortest time possible. If you find that your prospective company does not respond to emergency calls within half an hour, then know that you are not safe. Choose a good car breakdown recovery service Car Recovery Berkshire for the help you may need.

The Car Service Centre Reading is an established business that has a wide range of loyal customers throughout the Reading and Berkshire areas. Our reputation for providing an honest, professional and cost-effective service has grown through recommendation for over twenty five years. We offer all kinds of car repairs and we are your one stop shop for all Car Services that you will or may require. We Can offer a Courtesy Car for our Customers that have booked their car in at our garage that cannot be turned round or repaired within 24 Hours.

What does a mobile mechanic do? A mobile mechanic can do most of the repairs and servicing you’ll need on your vehicle – all with the benefit of driving to a place of your choosing. Operating out of a van, rather than a garage, they can transport most of the necessary tools to carry out work on a vehicle to get it back in good working condition. In many cases, they can do all the work you’d expect at a garage, including common fixes, interior maintenance, coolant checks, oil changes, air filter modifications, battery replacements, and brake pad/disc work.

Cryptocurrency consulting provider today: Investment and Collaterals – Both NFT and DeFi (Decentralized Finance) share the same infrastructure. DeFi applications let you borrow money by using collateral. NFT and DeFi both work together to explore using NFTs as collateral instead. Domain Names – NFTs provide your domain with an easier-to-remember name. This works like a website domain name, making its IP address more memorable and valuable, usually based on length and relevance. Find even more details at crypto consultant.

What Is a Non-Fungible Token (NFT)? Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are assets that have been tokenized via a blockchain. They are assigned unique identification codes and metadata that distinguish them from other tokens. NFTs can be traded and exchanged for money, cryptocurrencies, or other NFTs—it all depends on the value the market and owners have placed on them. For instance, you could use an exchange to create a token for an image of a banana. Some people might pay millions for the NFT, while others might think it worthless.

There is no guarantee that an investor won’t be on the losing end of a scam when investing in an ICO. To help avoid ICO scams, you can: Make sure that project developers can clearly define what their goals are. Successful ICOs typically have straightforward, understandable white papers with clear, concise goals. Look for transparency. Investors should expect 100% transparency from a company launching an ICO. Review the ICO’s legal terms and conditions. Because traditional regulators generally do not oversee this space, an investor is responsible for ensuring that an ICO is legitimate. Ensure that ICO funds are stored in an escrow wallet. This type of wallet requires multiple access keys, which provides useful protection against scams.

Cryptocurrency represents a new mode of doing business that removes certain fees, regulations, and risks from the global e-commerce sphere. In doing so, the numerous different digital tokens that have emerged (many promoting their own innovations around the use of DeFi) have invited massive speculation and investment. In addition to the massive growth in value of the original cryptocurrency token—Bitcoin—countless other currencies have emerged and generated their own value.

Unless someone gains access to the private key for your crypto wallet, they cannot sign transactions or access your funds. However, if you lose your private key, there’s also no way to recover your funds. Furthermore, transactions are secured by the nature of the blockchain system and the distributed network of computers verifying transactions. As more computing power is added to the network, it becomes even more secure. Any attack on the network and attempt to modify the blockchain would require enough computing power to confirm multiple blocks before the rest of the network can verify the ledger’s accuracy. For popular blockchains such as Bitcoin (CRYPTO:BTC) or Ethereum (CRYPTO:ETH), that kind of attack is prohibitively expensive. Instances of hacked cryptocurrency accounts are usually tied to poor security at a centralized exchange. If you keep your crypto assets in your own wallet, it’s far more secure.

As blockchain has expanded into the mainstream consciousness, so has the opportunity to work in the blockchain industry. You could work for any of the hundreds of blockchain currencies themselves, or for other companies or industries looking to take advantage of the blockchain boom. In addition to developers, blockchain companies need to hire for all the other roles of a growing business, including marketing, human resources, and cyber security.

As digital marketers, the more these real-time messaging platforms mature, the more they can make from it when it comes to customer data. They can almost become a data hub that can store everything you’ll need to understand more about your customer than ever before. It’s no surprise that influencer marketing will continue to boom throughout 2023. As of now, it’s responsible for bringing in, on average, $5.20 for every $1 spent on this type of marketing.

In fact, there may be more risk in failing to seize this opportunity today. That’s because all evidence suggests blockchain technology and cryptocurrency are becoming increasingly intertwined with traditional finance. As more businesses large and small adopt cryptocurrency, more e-commerce operations build their entire infrastructure on certain tokens, and more everyday investors add virtual tokens to their portfolios, cryptocurrency only solidifies its position in the marketplace. While the value of individual tokens can be highly volatile, there is reason to believe that the broader cryptocurrency market will become an increasingly stable and accepted part of the mainstream economy. Discover additional info on planetwired.com.

Hungarian-British entrepreneur Barbara Jarabik on Hungarian property market trends in 2023: According to Hungarian-British entrepreneur Jarábik Barbara a big change is coming to the Hungarian real estate market in the first quarter of 2023. It is very like that there will be a lot of properties that will see their market value decreased. Within a few months, the Hungarian real estate market will also adapt to international market trends, which are clearly on a downward path. Because of US and EU central banks rate hikes the wave of high cost credit has reached most of the markets and the Hungarian real estate market is no longer an exception.

Pest, the eastern part of Budapest comprising about two-thirds of the capital city’s territory, saw the biggest y-o-y price increase of 33.7% (27.1% inflation-adjusted) during 2021. It was followed by the Northern Great Plain (22.2%), Northern Hungary (21.9%), Southern Great Plain (20.7%), Central Transdanubia (19.9%), Southern Transdanubia (19.7%), and Western Transdanubia (17.4%). In Budapest, the mean price for second-hand homes also rose, albeit at a more modest 9.7% (4.3% inflation-adjusted) y-o-y last year.

There were only 8,326 residential transactions closed in Hungary in October 2022 which is the lowest figure for the month since 2012, brokerage firm Duna House reports. October appeared to be the weakest month this year in terms of the number of transactions and mortgage loans taken out from commercial banks. Buyers took HUF 68 billion in October which is 37% lower than a year ago



There is no such scenario where the price of real estates cannot fall even further and the price of several forms of investment and assets is falling because the market affects it. Until now, it was a high demand market, but now the market has reached an inflexion point, which is only further supported by the fact that big utility costs are also a consideration when buying apartments. In the last period, demand and supply roughly equalized each other. However, in the last two or three months, the situation changed. There are more advertisements than interest in properties, and demand has decreased.

Hungarian law requires that real estate purchases shall be concluded through private contract (purchase agreement) countersigned by a lawyer. Non-Hungarian citizens must gain the approval of the relevant Administrative Office to purchase property as a private person. Most foreigners should receive a permit within 2-3 months. Most lawyers advise foreign nationals to set up a company registered in Hungary in order to purchase property. In this case, no permit is needed. This is a fairly swift and easy procedure (taking 1-2 days), and all expenses can be written off.

After the higher utility bills (a direct effect of international energy market situation combined with the major conflict in Ukraine) , the first significant move of the real estate market may come in February 2023. The real estate market has split into energy-efficient and inefficient properties. The price of energy-efficient properties may increase at a nominal level, but at the same time, we may be in trouble in real terms. The prices of new apartments, which have produced the greatest growth in recent years, are starting to lag behind the increase in real value.

However, according to Hungarian-British entrepreneur Barbara Jarabik, there are enormous opportunities from an investment point of view. This moment could be the long awaited opportunity for major players (investment funds and individual entrepreneurs) to step in. If someone buys the properties in poor condition for a good price, renovates and modernizes them, they can sell the properties with lower utility costs.

Part of the recovery in housing demand during 2014-5 was caused by other government measures. At the beginning of 2013, the government increased the amount of 5-year loan subsidies, the maximum value of subsidized loans, and the loan house price threshold, causing significantly stronger credit demand in the second half of 2013. From July 1, 2015 a non-refundable subsidy, the family housing allowance (CSOK) became available for buying new- and used homes, for apartment expansions, and for home construction. It was expanded in March 2018, allowing families returning from abroad and those already owning a property about to buy new or resale homes to apply for the CSOK. The government now repays HUF 1 million (€ 2,355) of the mortgage loans of families with at least two children. Moreover, every woman under the age of 40 is also eligible for a CSOK interest-free loan when she first gets married.

After the government’s changes in its utility price cap scheme, it became more difficult to sell non-insulated or poor-insulated, big, family houses consuming a lot of electricity and gas. That trend is almost non-existent in the case of small apartments located in Budapest. Investors would like to buy small, cheap apartments to renew and realize considerable profits by selling them. Demand for real estate loans fell significantly. In the past, 60% of the buyers used loans for purchases. This rate has been reduced to only 15% currently.

What 2023 will bring the Hungarian real estate market? Most of the experts (investors, entrepreneurs and real estate professionals) expect an overall price decrease. That will be the lowest in downtown Budapest (maybe around 4-5 percent), while nationwide it will probably be around 10-12 percent. The biggest price hits will be taken by family houses. Their price is expected to decrease by 16-20 percent in 2023. However, this will be, probably, the last big opportunity to buy low and sell high. After inflation growth will slow down in late 2023 and the central banks will start to lower the base credit rates we could expect a sustained upward price trend from 2024. Read additional info on Barbara Jarabik.

Truck recovery providers in Reading near me? Welcome to Car and Vehicle Recovery Services Uk who are here to offer you our Vehicle Recovery Services across The South of England and Beyond with our fleet of recovery vehicles we aim to be at address within 45 mins of your call each and every time wherever possible. We have been trading now for over 20 Years and have bags of experience in this Vehicle Recovery Services that we offer our customers 247 seven days a week. In conclusion, hiring a vehicle recovery Berkshire service is not tough, but you need to be sure whether you are choosing the best company or just an ordinary one whose reputation is not so popular in the market.

If your vehicle had some serious accidents, then our professionals will guide you with the best solutions that will help you in following the best practices. At the time of road accidents, professionals will help you along with your vehicle in recovering without having any kind of injuries to the person along with drivers who are driving the vehicle. Car towing services: This is one of the main services that is provided by the M3 Motorway Recovery. It is available for all 24 hours so that clients can avail their services anytime and anywhere. Discover more info at car recovery Reading.

Have you ever been stuck in a place you would rather not be? Well, car breakdowns can catch you by surprise, and as you wait for the breakdown services to get to you, you could be playing that “regret” game. “I just skipped the routine battery check,” but the regrets don’t help. Some concerns such as driving into a ditch or getting stuck in the mud are hardly unavoidable, but luckily, breakdown services Liverpool offers the convenience you need to get back on the road. Some aspects, however, can be mitigated by following practical yet straightforward steps. Here is a look at a few tips to keep your car running smoothly and avoid regular breakdowns.

A shovel that can dig the dirt or snow away from the front of your tires is the single most useful tool for getting a vehicle unstuck. Any item that can dig and scoop can be used including your hands, but a shovel gets the job done quickly. When all four tires are stuck, your hands and back will be grateful you brought a shovel. A proper D-handle shovel is always the best bet as it’s the least back-breaking option. However, if space is at a premium, you can opt for a foldable shovel or cut the handle down on a regular garden shovel so it fits in your car.

The different service providers will charge you at different rates. If you intend to save money when trying to jump start in the vehicle Benson, then you need to compare the service providers before you hire one. Check on the free quotes offered by different roadside rescue services in Benson so that you can hire the best. There are some companies which can take advantage of your situation and they end up exploiting you, you should avoid such service providers if possible. The right experts you need to hire should always respond fast to offer the necessary services that you need and require.

Not taking your car for recommended services and MOT can really be dangerous – and can help you avoid breaking down. Experts will let you know if your brake pads need replacing for example, and give you advice about other worn parts. Generally your car should be serviced once a year or every 10,000-12,000 miles. You can choose from a full service to a basic service if done regularly – many garages offer a full winter check as the weather changes.

Total lift transportation: In order to move buses or coaches from the site of an accident or breakdown, trailers with low loading platforms are used to lift the damaged vehicles entirely. At present various types of accessories are used by the recovery services including power generators, floodlights, different types of forks, webbing and different types of chains or strop to lift and tow away the damaged vehicles effectively. Thus, vehicle recovery services can attend you as soon as possible to give you instant assistance as well as tow away your vehicle to a nearby garage for recovering the condition of your vehicle. Discover more information at https://www.carrecoveryuk.com/.

Stationary hints. Stationary hints. It is best to push the front wheels to the edge when your vehicle is stationary. This way you won’t relocate to the motorway if your vehicle is struck from behind. Get our vehicle for your travelers. Have your travelers leave the vehicle through the left gates (right if in Europe). The travelers should then wait for assistance and sit behind the obstacle. Put 147 feet behind the vehicle in the red triangle.

In order to create your own anchor, you must measure the length of the tow strap (30 feet is a good length to have) and the distance to where your intended anchor point will be, allowing enough space for at least one rotation of the tow strap around the tire. Once the distances are measured, a hole will need to be dug, at an angle facing inward toward the vehicle, that is deep enough for the spare tire to fit all of the way into, creating your anchor point.

Fast Mot and vehicle service company in 2023 Reading, UK by carservice-centre.co.uk: Keeping your car in good shape can help keep you and your passengers safe. And remember, if you’re ever unsure about how to inspect or replace a car part, be sure to contact a local mechanic for help. Different climates present different obstacles to keeping your vehicle looking sharp. Winter can cause a buildup of road salt, ice and slush that corrodes the paint on your vehicle. Summer presents its own challenges with dirt, sap and sand that can also cause damage. Fortunately, you don’t need to go to an expensive car wash every few weeks to keep your vehicle clean. Popular Mechanics highlighted steps for you to wash your car at home and potentially save a few bucks by avoiding the car wash. Find more information on Book Mot Reading.

Headlights and indicators: front, rear, headlights (main beam and dipped), hazard lights and indicators. If any aren’t working, first check for broken bulbs and replace them. Brake lights: ask another person to check the rear brake lights come on when you press the brake pedal. Tyres: check all the tyres have at least the minimum legal tread depth of 1.6mm, or they’ll be marked as an MOT ‘fail’. This can easily be done with a 20p coin – see the diagram on the Tyre Safe website. Check for any damage such as splits in the tread, bulges or cuts in the sidewalls. Also check the tyre pressure is correct – the car’s manual will list the right pressure and they might also be on the sidewall of the tyre itself – and increase it at a petrol station if necessary.

Cars are becoming ever more sophisticated. Unfortunately, this also means that there are more electronic components that could fail. Have you ever taken your car to a garage with a warning light on, only to find they can’t locate the problem? We use the latest diagnostic equipment to find the fault, and then we repair it. From ABS and airbag sensors, to engine management lights and air conditioning, we’re here to help you.

Although they might not seem as important as tire rotation or oil change, replacing the windshield wipers is also important. If you’re caught in a storm and your windshield wipers don’t work properly, you could put everyone around you in danger. Windshield wipers are not only affordable, but they’re also easy to change on your own. You can get them in all auto parts stores, and the instructions are on the back of the package. Of course, if you doubt your skills, you can always ask an auto parts store employee to change them for you. While you’re there, don’t forget to check your wiper fluid levels.

Berkshire, UK from Carservice-Centre? When you come to sell the car, having a full service history will make it more appealing and boost its second-hand value, and if your car is written off, an insurer is likely to pay out more for a car with a full service history. Don’t forget to take your car’s service booklet (often found in the same pouch as the handbook) to the garage or dealership, so they can stamp and date when the service was carried out. A growing number of cars come with no service record or handbook, but the servicing agent should be able to log into the car maker’s online portal and add in information about the service that has been done.

Full Car Servicing: This is a 52 point check list starting with replacing your engine oil and oil filter including air and pollen filters fuel filter on diesiel cars and spark plugs on petrel cars all under bonnet fluid checks plus all road wheels are removed and a report given on your brake discs and pads and a brake adjustment whee neccessary adjust handbrake check all tyre wear check suspension exhaust and underbody of the vehicle and a overall visual check. To recieve any advice or Vehicle related problems please email us on repairs@mot-centre.com or simply telephone us on 01189581198.

It’s next to impossible traveling with a broken air conditioning system in your car in the London heat. It can lead to health issues on days with high temperature and humidity. Therefore, you should proactively schedule a maintenance for your car’s air conditioning system. If that isn’t feasible, the least you should do is conduct a self-inspection of the air conditioning system and consult an expert if something appears to be wrong that can’t be fixed by you.

If there’s a problem, book an appointment to go and show them the vehicle. Depending on what car you drive, they may even visit you to survey the car’s needs. If not, drop off your car and take a cab to work supplied by our sister company 1st Class Cars. if it’s just the matter of a day or two. Where To? Finding The Right Car Servicing Centre Tilehurst Your car’s make and model may have you visiting someone around the corner, or someone quite a distance away. If it’s the latter and you like the way they work, stick with them. If you’re looking for a change, look up a few authorized servicing centers for your car model. Find more details at http://carservice-centre.co.uk/.

Change oil and oil filter: Your car cannot function properly without lubricant. Therefore oil and oil filter are used in it. After prolonged use, the oil and oil filter need to be replaced. It is also necessary to check the brake fluid every month.

There was a time when a paper MoT certificate was a vital document, and the police would routinely ask to see it during traffic stops. Nowadays the information is stored on a national MoT online database and the paper MoT issued after your test is simply a statement of whether your car has passed or failed. It can be a handy document for when it comes to sell your car on as it shows its service history, and it’s also a useful reminder of when your test is coming around again. However, if you’ve mislaid the paperwork – which is easily done – you can check your car’s MOT status (or the MoT status of any vehicle) by searching for the phrase ‘when’s my MoT due’ online.

Ignore the myth of the 100,000-mile tune-up. “It doesn’t exist,” states Principe. “Each vehicle has a specific tune-up schedule recommended by the manufacturer. The more you keep the systems clean, the better the vehicle will run.” Variations in climate and driving style also dictate the necessity for maintenance. Commuting in dusty desert conditions will quickly clog air filters, while driving short distances repeatedly can wear out the exhaust system, as moisture is never completely evacuated. Extremely hot and cold conditions require more attention paid to radiator fluid and engine oil.

Ultra thin pcb supplier 2023? What is Ultra-Thin HDI PCB? High-Density Interconnect PCB is simply an ultra-thin PCB having more counts of interconnections, covering minimal space, leading to circuit board miniaturization. The components of HDI PCB are positioned closer, reducing the board space significantly but not compromising its performance. HDI is among the fastest advancing PCB technologies, capable of integrating smaller capture pads and vias and higher densities of connection pad. HDI PCBs have buried and blind vias and usually comprise of microvias with diameter of 0.006 or lower. Extra thin HDI PCBs provide better construction, layout and design choices by integrating outstanding features like microvias. Read even more information on best pcb manufacturer.

Let’s take a closer look at the different types of PCBs and how they work. Whether you’re a first-time PCB buyer or a seasoned electronics engineer, read on to learn more about these fascinating components! Single-sided printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the most basic and simplest type of PCBs. They consist of a single layer of conductive material, typically copper, which is etched to form the desired circuitry. The unetched side of the board is generally covered with a non-conductive material, such as solder mask, to prevent short circuits. Single-sided PCBs are for simple applications where the circuitry is not too complex.

Best Technology, establish on June 28, 2006, is a Hong Kong registered company whom focused on one-stop solution provider of FPC, Rigid-flex, MCPCB, FR4 PCB, Ceramic PCB, Special PCB such as Heavy Copper (up to 20 OZ), extra thin PCB (0.10, 0.15mm), and PCB assembly service.

The main difference between a FR4 board and MCPCB is the thermal conductivity dielectric material in the MCPCB. This acts as a thermal bridge between the IC components and metal backing plate. Heat is conducted from the package through the metal core to an additional heat sink. On the FR4 board the heat remains stagnant if not transferred by a topical heatsink. According to lab testing a MCPCB with a 1W LED remained near an ambient of 25C, while the same 1W LED on a FR4 board reached 12C over ambient. LED PCB always be produced with Aluminum core, but sometimes steel core PCB also be used.

When the board has only copper tracks and features, and no circuit elements such as capacitors, resistors or active devices have been manufactured into the actual substrate of the board, it is more correctly referred to as printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. Use of the term PWB or printed wiring board although more accurate and distinct from what would be known as a true printed circuit board, has generally fallen by the wayside for many people as the distinction between circuit and wiring has become blurred.

Flex PCB ( FPC ) is stands for Flexible Printed Circuits, or sometimes we just call it Flexible Circuits or Flex Circuits, which is the electronic component developed to allow electronic goods to become smaller and lighter, and it have been widely used from 1980s in USA & Europe, and then widely spread out around the world. Since flex circuits (flexible circuit) has excellent working efficiency and strong heat-resistance, it is widely used as a core component of all electronic goods such as cameras, computers and peripheral equipments, mobile phones, video & audio units, camcorders, printers, DVD, TFT LCD, satellite equipment, military equipments, and medical instruments. Anyway, Best Technology flex pcb manufacturer will provide OEM/ODM service. Find even more details at bstpcb.com.

Double sided flex circuits consists with double sided copper conductors and can be connected from both sides. It allows more complicated circuit designs, more components assembled. The major material used are copper foil, polyimide and coverlay. Adhesiveless stack up is popular for better dimensional stability, high temperature, thinner thickness. Dual access flexible circuit board refer to the flex circuit which can be accessed from both top and bottom side but only has only layer of conductor trace. Copper thickness 1OZ and coverlay 1mil, it similar with 1 layer FPC and opposite side FFC. There’re coverlay openings on both sides of flex circuit so that there’re solderable PAD on both top and bottom sides, that is similar with double sided FPC, but dual access flex circuit board has different stack up because of only one copper trace, so no plating process is need to make plated through hole (PTH) to connect between top and bottom side, and trace layout is much more simple. Art-of-state Technology: Most of our engineer and operators has more than ten years of experience in PCB industry, so we can produce special such as 20 OZ heavy copper board, 4 layer MCPCB, etc.

The next layer is a thin copper foil, which is laminated to the board with heat and adhesive. On common, double sided PCBs, copper is applied to both sides of the substrate. In lower cost electronic gadgets the PCB may have copper on only one side. When we refer to a double sided or 2-layer board we are referring to the number of copper layers (2) in our lasagna. This can be as few as 1 layer or as many as 16 layers or more. The copper thickness can vary and is specified by weight, in ounces per square foot. The vast majority of PCBs have 1 ounce of copper per square foot but some PCBs that handle very high power may use 2 or 3 ounce copper. Each ounce per square translates to about 35 micrometers or 1.4 thousandths of an inch of thickness of copper.

Tg means Glass Transition Temperature. As flammability of printed circuit board (PCB) is V-0 (UL 94-V0), so if the temperature exceeds designated Tg value, the board will changed from glassy state to rubbery state and then the function of PCB will be affected. If working temperature of your product is higher than normal (130-140C), then have to use High Tg PCB material which is > 170C. and popular PCB high value are 170C, 175C, and 180C. Normally the FR4 circuit board Tg value should be at least 10-20C higher than working temperature of product. If you 130TG board, working temperature will be lower than 110C; if use 170 high TG board, then maximum working temperature should be lower than 150C.